A device that may be controlled either manually or automatically that is used for the purpose of managing and safeguarding an electrical power system is known as a circuit breaker electrical.
When constructing a circuit breaker for today’s contemporary power system, particular care should be taken to guarantee that it is capable of properly interrupting the arc that is created when a circuit breaker is closed.
This is because the modern power system must cope with enormous currents, this was the most fundamental explanation of what a circuit breaker was.
You need to know more about the principle of it and why it’s conducted and the various types of a circuit breaker.
Circuit breaker types
1. Vacuum Circuit Breakers (VCB)
When working with voltage ranges between 3 kV and 38 kV, a vacuum circuit breaker is employed.
They are made up of a bottle-shaped vacuum container. Moving and fixed contacts within the bottle open and close in the vacuum chamber. The arc quenching of the circuit breaker takes place here.
A VCB may work effectively in both indoor and outdoor settings. These kinds of circuit breakers are manufactured of VCB trucks and put in a control and relay panel for interior use.
Then, depending on the system, this panel can be stacked in different ways. The units are typically attached to a permanent structure for outdoor use.
2. SF6 Circuit Breakers
Sulfur Hexafluoride (SF6), an inert gas used in SF6 circuit breakers, serves as the unit’s arc quenching medium. It’s a great medium to employ since it offers electrical systems significantly greater insulation and recombination.
These circuit breaker electrical function by injecting a high pressure SF6 gas into the space between the housing’s contacts, where an arc develops.
Due of the gas’s strong electronegative characteristics, it may take in free electrons.
3. Oil Circuit Breaker
Oil is used by oil circuit breakers, as the name indicates, to quench an arc. The oil, which has insulating and dielectric qualities, completely submerges the connections.
When in operation, a sizable quantity of heat is generated as a result of the arcing’s production of oil vapors, which eventually decompose into hydrogen gas. By moving the oil, this causes a sizable hydrogen bubble to form all around the arc.
4. AirBlast Circuit Breaker
Compressed gas or air is used by an airblast circuit breaker to stop the arc. This gas is kept in a tank that discharges it through a nozzle at a fast speed.
A valve that links the tank and arcing chamber opens while the device is in operation, enabling pressured air to enter the arcing chamber.
Circuit breaker electrical working principle
Moving and fixed contacts comprise the circuit breaker. Mechanical pressure on the moving contacts connects these two contacts in the circuit breakers “ON” state. Circuit breakers release stored potential energy when provided a switching signal.
Circuit breakers can store potential energy using deforming metal springs, compressed air, or hydraulic pressure.
Any potential energy source must be discharged during operation. Potential energy accelerates movement contact sliding.
All circuit breakers contain working coils (tripping and closure coils) that are powered by switching pulses and move the plunger.
The circuit breaker’s working coil plunger releases mechanically held potential energy in the breaker mechanism into kinetic energy.
Which moves the moving contacts, which are mechanically coupled to the operating mechanism by a gear lever arrangement.
After a circuit breaker cycle, all stored energy is released and potential energy is stored in the operating mechanism using a spring charging motor, air compressor, or other means.
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